What Rolled Roofing Is Made Of: Materials and Composition

Rolled roofing is a common, economical option for low-slope roofs on sheds, studios, and some add-ons. Understanding what rolled roofing is made of helps homeowners assess suitability, longevity, and installation requirements. This article explains the typical materials, common variations, and how these components influence performance, durability, and price.

What Rolled Roofing Is Made Of

Rolled roofing is produced in large, continuous rolls that are designed for easy installation on flat or low-slope roofs. The core material and protective layers determine its strength and weather resistance. The most common composition is asphalt-saturated base with a mineral granule surface, but variations exist to suit different climates and budgets.

Base Materials: Reinforcement and Structure

Rolled roofing often uses reinforced bases to add strength. The two primary base materials are:

• Asphalt-Saturated Organic Felt: A traditional option made from organic fibers saturated with asphalt. This base is flexible and cost-effective, though it can be less durable in extreme temperatures.
• Fiberglass- Reinforced Asphalt: A modern alternative that uses a fiberglass mat as the reinforcement. This base offers higher tear resistance and better moisture performance.

Both bases are designed to resist tearing and provide a stable substrate for the asphalt coating and surface granules. The choice between organic felt and fiberglass depends on budget, climate, and expected roof exposure.

Top Surface: Asphalt, Granules, and Surface Treatments

The top layer of rolled roofing provides protection from the sun and weather. Key components include:

• Asphalt Coating: A flexible asphalt film binds the base to the surface. It serves as the primary waterproofing layer and adhesive in the roll.
• Mineral Granules: Many rolled roofs feature a granulated surface that mimics the look of traditional shingles. The granules shield the asphalt from UV light and add abrasion resistance.
• Mineral Surfacing or Smooth Surface: Some options use a smooth, mineral-embedded surface or a reflective coating designed to reduce heat absorption.
• Self-Adhesive Backing (optional): Some rolled roofing products include an asphaltic adhesive backing for easier installation, especially on DIY projects. This backing is peeled away to expose sticky surface for bonding.

Granule-rich finishes enhance durability against hail, wind-driven rain, and foot traffic. Smooth or reflective surfaces may help with energy efficiency in warmer climates.

Common Variants Of Rolled Roofing

Understanding the variations helps match the product to the project requirements. Common rolled roofing variants include:

• Standard Asphalt Rolled Roofing: The classic choice with an asphalt-saturated base and granulated surface. Best for temporary or low-budget projects.
• Self-Adhering Rolled Roofing: Features an adhesive backing for easier installation without pitch or torching. Useful for quick repairs or small structures.
• Fiberglass-Reinforced Rolled Roofing: Uses fiberglass as reinforcement, offering improved tear resistance and longer service life.
• Granule-Embedded vs Smooth Surface: Granule-embedded surfaces provide UV protection; smooth surfaces may reduce heat retention in hot climates.

Prices and expected lifespans vary by reinforcement, surface, and installation conditions. In general, fiberglass-reinforced products last longer than organic felt versions.

Durability, Climate Considerations, And Lifespan

Rolled roofing is typically chosen for economic reasons and simple installation. Durability depends on materials, roof slope, exposure, and maintenance. Expect:

• Lifespan: Standard rolled roofing can last 5 to 15 years, with fiberglass-reinforced variants often toward the upper end of that range, depending on climate and upkeep.
• Climate Impact: In hot sun, UV exposure deteriorates asphalt faster; in cold climates, flexibility is essential to prevent cracking. Reflective surfaces can help in hot regions.
• Maintenance: Regular inspections, prompt repairs of blisters or tears, and proper drainage reduce premature failure. Avoid heavy foot traffic on exposed surfaces.

Installation Considerations

Proper installation is critical to maximize the performance of rolled roofing made of asphalt. Key considerations include:

• Roof Slope: Rolled roofing is best suited for low-slope roofs (generally 2:12 or less). Steeper pitches require different systems to ensure water shedding.
• Underlayment: A suitable underlayment improves waterproofing and protects the roof deck during installation.
• Flashing And Seals: Proper flashing around penetrations and at eaves protects against leaks and wind-driven rain.
• Seam Overlaps: Seams must be overlapped correctly to prevent water ingress. In self-adhesive products, ensure full contact with the deck.

Follow manufacturer guidelines for substrate preparation, temperature, and nail patterns to achieve the best results.

Pros And Cons At A Glance

Choosing rolled roofing made of asphalt involves weighing several factors. The following highlights help with quick decision-making:

• Pros: Low cost, quick installation, flexible for small structures, repairable, available in various surfaces.
• Cons: Shorter lifespan than shingles or metal roofing, limited durability in extreme climates, more maintenance on exposed decks, susceptible to aging in UV-heavy regions.

Environmental And Economic Considerations

Rolled roofing offers economical advantages for budget-conscious projects. Environmentally friendly options exist, such as products with recycled content in the base or surface granules. Energy considerations include reflective surfaces that reduce heat absorption, potentially lowering cooling costs in warm climates. When budgeting, factor in installation labor, underlayment, flashing, and potential maintenance when comparing to other roofing systems.

Typical Applications

Rolled roofing is well-suited for sheds, lean-tos, garages, and other low-slope structures where a fast, affordable roof is desirable. It is commonly used for:

• Storage buildings and workshops
• Garden sheds and greenhouses
• Temporary or interim roofing projects
• Low-cost residential extensions or outbuildings

For primary residences or long-term investments, homeowners may opt for higher-performance options like composition shingles, metal, or built-up roofing, depending on climate and budget.

Maintenance Tips For Rolled Roofing Made Of Asphalt

To maximize the lifespan of rolled roofing, consider these maintenance practices:

• Inspect after severe weather for punctures, blisters, or lifted edges
• Clean debris from gutters and eaves to prevent water pooling
• Repair small tears promptly with compatible sealants or repair tapes
• Keep overhanging branches trimmed to minimize impact damage

Routine care helps preserve the protective layer and reduces the risk of leaks or accelerated aging.

Choosing The Right Rolled Roofing

When selecting rolled roofing made of asphalt, evaluate:

• Roof slope, deck condition, and climate
• Reinforcement type (organic felt vs fiberglass)
• Surface finish (granule vs smooth) and UV protection
• Adhesive backing needs (self-adhesive options)
• Budget and expected lifespan

Consult manufacturer specifications and local building codes to ensure compatibility with the project.